Population Pharmacokinetics of Quinidine
SUMMARY:
The Quinidine data frame is routine clinical data on patients receiving the drug quinidine as a treatment for cardiac arrythmia (atrial fibrillation of ventricular arrythmias). All patients were receiving oral quinidine doses. At irregular intervals blood samples were drawn and serum concentrations of quinidine were determined.
DATA DESCRIPTION:
This data frame contains the following columns:
Subject:
a factor identifying the patient on whom the data were collected.
time:
time (hr.) at which the drug was administered or the blood sample drawn. This is measured from the time the patient entered the study.
conc:
serum quinidine concentration (mg/L).
dose:
dose of drug administered (mg). Although there were two different forms of quinidine administered, the doses were adjusted for differences in salt content by conversion to milligrams of quinidine base.
interval:
the interval is recorded when the drug has been given at regular intervals for a sufficiently long period of time to assume steady state behaviour.
Age:
age of the subject on entry to the study (yr).
Height:
height of the subject on entry to the study (in).
Weight:
body weight of the subject (kg).
Race:
a factor with possible three levels: Caucasian, Black, Latin.
Smoke:
a factor giving smoking status at the time of the measurement: no or yes.
Ethanol:
a factor giving ethanol (alcohol) abuse status at the time of the measurement: none, current, or former.
Heart:
a factor indicating congestive heart failure for the subject: none or mild, moderate, or severe.
Creatinine:
a factor in 8 levels coding the creatinine clearance and other measurements. Creatinine clearance is divided into those greater than 50 mg/min and those less than 50 mg/min.
glyco:
alpha-1 acid glycoprotein concentration (mg/dL). Often measured at the same time as the quinidine concentration.
SOURCE:
These data were originally quoted in Verme, Lidden, Celmenti, and Harris (1992), "Pharmacokinetics of quinidine in male patients: A population analysis", Clinical Pharmacokinetics, 22, 468-480. They are analysed in several places including section 9.3 of Davidian and Giltinan (1995), "Nonlinear Models for Repeated Measurement Data", Chapman and Hall, London.
SEE ALSO:
nlme , Quin.func .
EXAMPLES: 
Quin.nlme <-
   nlme(conc ~ Quin.func(Subject, time, conc, dose, interval,
                         lV, lKa, lKe),
        fixed = list(lV ~ ., lKa ~ ., lKe ~ .),
        random = list(lV ~ ., lKe ~ .),
        cluster =  ~ Subject, data = Quinidine,
        start = list(fixed = c(5, -0.3, -3)),
        re.structure = "d", na.pattern =  ~ !is.na(conc))