Computers and Reality - Cognitive Science 110 - Spring 2007

For every n, there are infinitely many n-line URM programs, but they have only finitely many "representatives" (equivalent programs).

Busy Beaver: Why is beta(n) is a total function?

Extra credit problems (HW 9)

Quantum computers

Complexity: P-NP

Conway's proof that Life is universal (Oxy library has the book)

Post-Markov Systems, Lambda Calculus, and other systems of computation

Machine learning:
   Evolutionary (genetic) algorithms
   Ant Colony Optimization algorithms
   Simulated Annealing algorithms

Viruses & other self-replicating programs on computers and the internet (see Scientific American article around mid 1980's)

Google Sets: 1.How does it work?  2.Can it do different levels of abstraction?

Artificial Neural Networks (ANN):
   (a) Simulation software: learn and teach
   (b) Theory: different types and implementations

The Hopfield Network
   www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/MM/sim/hopfield.html (Applet)
   www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/MM/n_net/n_net.html
   www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/MM/n_net/memory.html
   Great & detailed, but mathematical: www.itee.uq.edu.au/~cogs2010/cmc/chapters/Hopfield/
 

AI: http://www.phy.syr.edu/courses/modules/MM/ai/ai.html

Autonomous Systems Lab: http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/easy/aslab/index.html
    LEGO Robot Resources -- Building a Braitenberg Vehicle:
       http://www.cogs.susx.ac.uk/easy/aslab/resources/lego_bots/tutorials/braitenberg1.html

Block's World:
  wikipedia.org/wiki/Blocks_world
  Blocks World Home Page
  John Slaney and Sylvie Thiébaux
 

Artificial Intelligence:   wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence 

Robots: wikipedia.org/wiki/Robot
   Asimo: wikipedia.org/wiki/ASIMO
   Google search results for: Robotics

Digital versus Analog:
   HowStuffWorks: Analog-Digital
Error Correcting Codes (related to "Digital vs. Analog")
   wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_correction
   Error correcting codes
Hamming Code (a type of error correcting code)
   wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamming_code
   Calculating the Hamming Code
 

Related papers and books (mostly philosophical):

Paper: Rodney Brooks: Intelligence without representation
(Original Source: http://people.csail.mit.edu/brooks/papers/representation.pdf)

Paper: Alan Turing: Computing Machinery and Intelligence
(Original Source: http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html)

Book: "Mind Design II" by John Haugeland  (Google Book Search)

Book: "The engine of reason, the seat of the soul" by Paul Churchland  (Google Book Search)